HS Code 28451000: A Comprehensive Guide to Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide)

Heavy water, also known as Deuterium oxide, is a fascinating and unique substance that plays a crucial role in various scientific and industrial applications. In this article, we will delve into the details of Heavy Water, its uses, and the implications of HS Code 28451000.

HS Code 28451000 specifically refers to Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide) in the international Harmonized System (HS) of product classification. This code is used to identify and classify Heavy Water for trade and customs purposes.

Product Description

Heavy Water, scientifically known as Deuterium Oxide (D2O), is a form of water that contains a higher proportion of the hydrogen isotope deuterium (D) rather than the more common hydrogen isotope protium (H). In Heavy Water, deuterium replaces one of the two hydrogen atoms present in regular water.

The molecular formula of Heavy Water is D2O, where 'D' represents deuterium and 'O' represents oxygen. It is chemically similar to regular water (H2O) but has different physical properties due to the presence of deuterium.

Uses of Heavy Water

Heavy Water has a wide range of applications across various industries, including:

Nuclear Power: One of the most significant uses of Heavy Water is in nuclear power plants. It acts as a moderator in nuclear reactors, slowing down the speed of neutrons and enhancing the efficiency of nuclear reactions.
Research and Development: Heavy Water is extensively used in scientific research and development, particularly in fields such as nuclear physics, chemistry, and biology. It serves as a stable isotope tracer and is crucial for studying chemical reactions and metabolic processes.
Medical Imaging: Heavy Water finds application in medical imaging techniques, such as Positron Emission Tomography (PET). It is used as a contrast agent in PET scans to improve image quality and provide more accurate diagnostic information.
Deuterium Labeling: Heavy Water is used in the labeling of compounds for research purposes. By replacing hydrogen atoms with deuterium, scientists can track the movement and transformation of molecules within biological systems.
Industrial Processes: Heavy Water is employed in various industrial processes, including the production of hydrogen, semiconductors, and fibers. It is also used in the manufacturing of heavy water-moderated nuclear reactors.

Bound / MFN Duty Rate

The bound / MFN (Most Favored Nation) duty rate for Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide) under HS Code 28451000 is free. This means that every time a country lowers a trade barrier or opens up a market, it must do so for the same goods or services from all its trading partners.

The duty rate of 0% implies that there are no additional tariffs or taxes imposed on the import or export of Heavy Water under this HS Code. This encourages the international trade of Heavy Water and facilitates its availability for various industries worldwide.

Quantity Unit

The quantity unit for Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide) under HS Code 28451000 is kilograms (KG). This unit of measurement provides a standardized way to quantify and trade Heavy Water on a global scale.

Special Tariff Preference Programs

Special Tariff Preference Programs may be available for Heavy Water (Deuterium Oxide) under HS Code 28451000, depending on the specific trade agreements and arrangements between countries.

Importing and exporting US states may have different regulations and requirements for Heavy Water. It is essential for traders and businesses to understand and comply with the specific rules and documentation procedures associated with the import and export of Heavy Water in their respective states.